黄土陡坡降雨冲刷试验及其三维颗粒流流-固耦合模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴谦  王常明  宋朋燃 《岩土力学》2014,35(4):977-985

针对坡角为70°的黄土边坡,进行2.7 mm/min降雨强度下的室内坡面冲刷试验。根据边坡冲刷破坏的过程特征,将边坡侵蚀方式演变过程归纳为试验初期的片蚀、中期的细沟侵蚀、到后期的切沟侵蚀和坍塌。试验中坡顶处侵蚀强度大于其他部位,当坡面形成上下贯通的切沟之后,水流开始掏蚀沟槽底部土体,随着冲刷的持续,切沟两侧土体强度降低,坡顶土体发生坍塌。以此为基础利用三维颗粒流软件PFC3D对边坡降雨冲刷过程进行流-固耦合模拟,在模拟颗粒大变形的同时得到颗粒运动轨迹、孔隙率、流体单元内流速等重要参数,这些参数的定量变化过程反映了降雨过程中边坡遭受侵蚀程度及水流侵蚀能力的分布规律:坡顶处侵蚀最为强烈、水流侵蚀能力最强,且两者随高度降低呈减小趋势,与室内试验结果一致。  相似文献   

无射线追踪层析静校正技术及其应用研究     

季天愚  李澈  李景叶 《物探化探计算技术》2014,(4):475-480

静校正技术在近地表条件复杂地区的地震资料处理中具有重要意义,其校正的准确性直接影响后续的处理和解释工作。在众多静校正方法中,无射线追踪层析静校正法兼具稳定性和灵活性的优点。这里对无射线追踪层析静校正的原理和主要参数进行了分析;而后将其应用于鄂尔多斯盆地某工区黄土塬地区地震资料的处理,把处理效果与其他几种不同静校正方法进行了对比。结果表明,该方法可使单炮记录和叠加剖面的质量得到较大改善,地震记录同相轴的连续性得到增强。  相似文献   

李希霍芬与黄土的风成学说   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

孙继敏 《第四纪研究》2005,25(4):438-442

第四纪古气候重建在最近半个世纪的时间里取得了前所未有的进展,这在很大程度上与对陆相黄土地层,特别是中国黄土-古土壤序列的研究,以及对深海沉积氧同位素的研究密不可分。现在我们已经可以在黄土-古土壤序列的基础上,建立起260万年来地球轨道尺度的古气候变化。一个不容否认的事实是,这些进展都是在黄土风成成因的基础上,结合土壤地层学、年代学、磁性地层学、古生物学等方面的进展逐渐发展起来的。只有解决了黄土的风成成因,才可能将堆积于各地的黄土,通过搬运粉尘的风力系统与区域、甚至全球的古气候变化联系起来。文章回忆了黄土的早期研究历史,回顾了黄土风成成因的奠基人李希霍芬教授在黄土成因方面的杰出贡献以及其后黄土成因的完善与发展。  相似文献   

Mangshan Loess in Central China and the Paleomonsoon Variationssince the Last Interglaciation   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

JIANG Fuchu  WANG Shubing  ZHAO Zhizhong  FU Jianli Institute of Geomechanics  Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences  Beijing State Key Laboratory of Loess  Quaternary Geology  Chinese Academy of Sciences  Xi''an  Shaanxi 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):813-819

The Mangshan Yuan is a loess platform on the southern bank of the Yellow River, which is located in northwestern Zhengzhou of Henan Province, China. The typical Zhaoxiayu section of the Mangshan Yuan preserves stratigraphical loess units above S10 with a total thickness of 172.1 m, which includes 15.7 m of the last interglacial paleosol S1, 77.3 m of the last glacial loess L1 that consist of 41.6 m of the late stade L1LL1, 13.2 m of the interstade L1SS1 and 22.5 m of the early stade L1LL2. Based on the age marking points by correlating magnetic susceptibility of the section with the SPECMAP curve, the timescale of the section was constructed, and the average accumulation rate and the resolution of each loess strata over the S2 were subsequently calculated using the  相似文献   

洛川黄土地层渗透性与孔隙性的关系     

李云峰 《地球科学与环境学报》1991,(2)

本文用逐步回归分析方法对洛川黄土孔隙性诸要素进行了变量筛选,选出了影响渗透系数的孔隙要素,并建立了随机数学模型,定量解决了影响渗透系数的孔隙多少和孔隙形状问题,初步确定出了洛川黄土地层透水性与孔隙性的关系。  相似文献   

Climatic implications of loess deposits from the Beijing region     

Shangfa Xiong  Zhongli Ding  Tungsheng Liu 《第四纪科学杂志》2001,16(6):575-582

Variations in magnetostratigraphy, pedostratigraphy, grain size and magnetic susceptibility of the loess deposits near Beijing have been studied at two sections. The sections are about 400 km east of the main loess deposits in China, have a maximum thickness of 100 m and extend back to 1.1 Ma. The sequence consists of 14 loess–palaeosol couplets (S0‐S14), which correlate well with sequences in the Loess Plateau. Susceptibility records from the sites near Beijing are comparable to the Xifeng, Luochuan and Baoji sections located in the middle part of the Loess Plateau; however, the down‐core variations in the grain size in the Upper Lishi Formation exhibit some differences. The median grain size increases by about 25–30 µm from L4 to L2, with the sandy grains (>63 µm) increasing from 10–20 wt% to 40–50 wt% . This implies that the depositional environment of the dust sources in the Beijing loess section is different in some aspects from the Loess Plateau. The Beijing loess may have had a different dust source than the Loess Plateau. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Topographic zonation of infiltration in the hilly loess region,north china     

Gang Li  Shiu Hung Luk  Qiang Guo Cai 《水文研究》1995,9(2):227-235

Field infiltration tests using portable rainfall infiltrometers were conducted in the Wangjiagou experimental basin in the hilly loess region of north China. Based on data collected at 27 sites, a topographic zonation of infiltration characteristics was observed. The average steady infiltration rate and the average ponding time decreased from the hilltop to the hillslope and further decreased to the gully wall. Such a zonation is closely related to the variations of topography, soil and land use conditions in the study area. A general infiltration model is proposed. Collected field data are used to establish the applicability of the proposed model in the study area.  相似文献   

Rapid climatic changes recorded in loess successions     

J. Vandenberghe  G. Nugteren 《Global and Planetary Change》2001,28(1-4)

Detailed grain-size analyses, both in China and western Europe, indicate the occurrence of short climatic cycles during loess deposition of the last glacial. Cold episodes coincided with enhanced deposition of relatively coarse loess and alternated with relatively warmer episodes with decreased deposition of finer loess and soil formation. In Europe, these oscillations may coincide with alternations of permafrost development and degradation. The short-term climatic events in the loess sections are similar to the Dansgaard–Oeschger events in ice-core records.  相似文献   

利用InSAR技术研究黄土地区滑坡分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程滔  单新建  董文彤  李建华 《水文地质工程地质》2008,35(1):98-101

InSAR技术能够获取大面积、连续、高精度的地表垂直形变信息,可用来监测地震、火山、滑坡等自然灾害造成的地表形变。文章介绍了InSAR技术在监测陕北黄土地区滑坡中的应用,首先进行野外地质勘察和TM光学遥感影像解译,接着通过EnviSat SAR数据差分干涉处理,获取研究区干涉形变场,提取出滑坡位移量,最后详细分析黄草湾至董家寺沿线一带的滑坡变形范围,并划定出了4个有一定变形的重点监视区。  相似文献   

山西临汾盆地黄土剖面重金属分布特征及其影响因素   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

侯青叶  杨忠芳 《现代地质》2008,22(6)

山西临汾盆地2条黄土剖面重金属分布特征及其影响因素研究表明,Pb、Cu和Zn的垂向变化特征非常相似,而As、Cd和Hg在剖面中的分布特征与前三者不同。各重金属元素在黄土剖面中的变化特征首先均受到黄土源区物质成分的控制,其次不同程度地受到古气候变化的影响。依据Pb、Cu、Zn与各古气候替代性指标(例如磁化率,w(SiO2)/w(Al2O3)等)均呈显著相关,As、Cd和Hg与古气候替代性指标的相关性较差,推断剖面中Cu、Pb、Zn的分布特征受古气候变化的影响,其原因可能主要是这3个金属元素易以类质同象形式赋存在磁性矿物中;而As、Cd和Hg在剖面中的分布特征与古气候无关。但各重金属元素与源区指示元素的相关性表明其在剖面中的分布特征均受黄土源区物质成分的影响和控制。  相似文献